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Euphorbia kuwaleana

O.Deg. & Sherff (1949)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘akoko [akoko], ‘ekoko [ekoko], koko, kōkōmālei [kokomalei]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.2–0.9 m tall, young bark reddish brown, older bark dark gray and glaucous.

Stems: Stems erect, many-branched, young branch ends villous but glabrate with age except the pilose nodes, flowering branches 1–2 mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades ovate to rarely orbicular, 11–25 mm long, 8–15 mm wide. Apex rounded, retuse. Base cordate, oblique. Lower surfaces glabrous or villous along the midvein and pilose at basal margin; glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–1 mm long, pilose. Stipules rounded–triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, villous, occasionally erose.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia solitary in the leaf axils or rarely terminal, peduncles 0–0.5 mm long, glabrous. involucre campanulate, 1–1.5 mm high, 1.5–2 mm wide, glabrous to villous beneath the glands, glands 4, usually glabrous. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles bifid ⅓ their length, 0.5–1 mm long.

Fruit: Capsules shape and size unknown; glabrous; gynophores recurved; exserted ca.1.2 mm from involucre; pubescent. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Arid volcanic cliffs.

Elevation Range: ca. 250 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 20: 9 (1949)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:610 (O [as Chamaesyce kuwaleana]); Govaerts et al. 2000:764 (NOM:Syn. C. kuwaleana = Euphorbia kuwaleana); Steinmann & Porter 2002/Yang & Berry 2011 (molecular support for nesting of Chamaesyce within Euphorbia)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P. 14087 Oahu US 3/21/1994
2 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Arid volcanic cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & t. murashige 19613 GH 6/12/1949
3 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mixed native & alien assoc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3171 Oahu PTBG 5/8/1994
4 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Degraded lowland shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3185 Oahu PTBG 5/16/1994
5 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & j. lau 10717 Oahu US 5/18/2004
6 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 14087 Oahu US 3/21/1994
7 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & j. obata 6822 Oahu US 11/8/1987
8 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Murashige, T. 19613 Oahu US 6/12/1949
9 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & j. lau 3162 Oahu US 5/7/1994
10 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Lau, J. 10717 Oahu US 5/18/2004
11 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & t. murashige 19613 Oahu US 6/12/1949
12 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Lau, J. 3171 Oahu US 5/8/1994
13 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P. 6822 Oahu US 11/8/1987
14 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 6822 Oahu US 11/8/1987
15 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. obata, s. p. perlman & d. palmer 681 Hawaii US 11/8/1987
16 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Lau, J. 3162 Oahu US 5/7/1994
17 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R.; Egler, F. E. 14092 Oahu US 6/18/1937
18 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg & f. egler 14092 Oahu US 6/18/1937
19 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Edge of forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & j. lau 3171 Oahu US 5/8/1994
20 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Obata, J. 6822 Oahu US 11/8/1987
21 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & J. Lau 10717 Oahu US 5/18/2004
22 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information in rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. collector number: 400 Hawaii BISH 8/19/1978
23 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Thin guano soil on basaltic rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 14092 Oahu BISH 6/18/1937
24 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19613 Oahu BISH 6/12/1949
25 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige collector number: 19613 Hawaii US 6/12/1949
26 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On arid volcanic cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. murashige, t. collector number: 19613 Oahu BISH 6/12/1949
27 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Dodonaea viscosa lowland dry shrubland with Sida fallax, Artemisia australis, Opuntia, Leucaena leucocephala, several hundred plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 6822 Oahu BISH 11/8/1987
28 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Thin guano soil on basaltic rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. egler, f.e. collector number: 14092 Oahu BISH 6/18/1937
29 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Panicum beecheyi, Eragrostis variabilis, Dodonaea viscosa, Heteropogon contortus, Sida fallax, Kalanchoe pinnata, Cenchrus ciliaris, Leucaena leucocephala, Chamaesyce kuwaleana, Artemisia, Carex meyenii, Acacia confusa, Lantana camara, Opuntia, Grevillea robusta, Bidens torta, Doryopteris, Ageratina riparia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. collector number: 3171 Oahu BISH 5/6/1994
30 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Panicum beecheyi, Eragrostis variabilis, Dodonaea viscosa, Heteropogon contortus, Sida fallax, Kalanchoe pinnata, Cenchrus ciliaris, Leucaena leucocephala, Chamaesyce kuwaleana, Artemisia, Carex meyenii, Acacia confusa, Lantana camara, Opuntia, Grevillea robusta, Bidens torta, Doryopteris, Ageratina riparia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 3171 Oahu BISH 5/6/1994
31 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Along dry, open, rock faces. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 87-681 Oahu BISH 11/8/1987
32 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On arid volcanic cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19613 Oahu BISH 6/12/1949
33 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Dodonaea viscosa lowland dry shrubland with Sida fallax, Artemisia australis, Opuntia, Leucaena leucocephala, several hundred plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. obata, j. collector number: 6822 Oahu BISH 11/8/1987
34 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Exposed, rocky, dry, on two peaks 321 and 275 m PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 400 Oahu BISH 8/19/1978
35 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Along dry, open, rock faces. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. perlman, s.; palmer, d. collector number: jo:87-681 Oahu BISH 11/8/1987
36 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Grassland. Volcanic rock. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ya Yang 253 MICH 2/12/2009
37 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In mostly Alien veg. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 14087 Oahu PTBG 3/21/1994
38 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J. K.; Perlman, S. P.; Palmer, D. 681 Oahu US 11/8/1987
39 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dodonaea viscosa lowland dry shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 6822 Oahu PTBG 11/8/1987
40 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mixed native & alien. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3162 Oahu PTBG 5/7/1994
41 Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Vertical open basalt cliff with lichen. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 10717 Oahu PTBG 5/18/2004
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